Recursive routing mikrotik. I can’t figure it out.

Recursive routing mikrotik. 111. I’m using a script to provide automatic failover. It also includes settings for basic security. 8 and 8. Recursion, a concept that might sound intimidating at first, is like a captivating magic trick. Their gateway is set to 127. What I Sep 18, 2021 · Co to jest Recursive Routing? To mechanizm, który daje nam możliwość monitorowania łącza, gdy awaria zajdzie w dalszej strukturze topologii po stronie operatora. 0. 👍 Dalam konsep recursive routing, ketika sebuah rute statik mengarah ke gateway yang tidak berada di jaringan langsung (non-directly connected), router tidak bisa langsung meneruskan paket ke A community-contributed subreddit for all things Mikrotik. VRFs solve the problem of overlapping IP prefixes, and provide the required privacy (via separated routing for Mar 7, 2018 · I have several WANs interfaces and two of them have common gateway. Jul 23, 2025 · A recursive function must have a base case or stopping criteria to avoid infinite recursion. Each connection is serviced by a provider supplied modem/router combo CPE device running NAT with 192. . 19. I plug a second cable from another provider (WAN2) into Mikrotik, both providers are in the Interface list (isp), I set up recursive routing so that I can connect to the office through both providers, but inside the office, all traffic goes through WAN1 in priority, WAN2 is a reserve. 13. x, and I can see a thread here where someone is having the same issue with no actual fix reported. There are several use cases for routing rules in MikroTik devices, including: Fail Over dengan Recursive GatewayDengan menggunakan lebih dari satu gateway internet (ISP) memungkinkan kita untuk melakukan fail over dimana salah satu lin MikroTik has made a significant effort to stabilize routing, switching and bridging as well as other important features like firewall, vpn and wireless. 8 distance=1 check Dec 1, 2016 · Hello All, I have the following setup on my network: [CCR1016 Concentrator] ----------- L2TP Tunnel over Internet ----------- [RB1100AHx2 CPE] The CCR1016 runs BGP over public ASN, and I’d like to run BGP on RB1100 too, but using another ASN (and its specific IP[v4/v6] subnets), as an eBGP customer from CCR1016. Unlock the potential of Recursive next-hop and scope/target-scope usage on MikroTik RouterOS for smarter and more effective network routing. May 11, 2023 · This script should allow you to have multiple ISPs and failover to a backup ISP when the primary one fails while using DHCP instead of static gateways. May 30, 2025 · Finally, a routing rule must be established that pushes all traffic from the LAN interfaces (in this example, we use the bridge interface) to the HA routing table: Feb 11, 2022 · MikroTik RouterOS v7 dual DHCP WAN recursive failover w/ PCC load-balancing; and recursive ECMP - router. Or: Use recursive routing (find it on the wiki or the forum) Aug 8, 2024 · Given that route print detail shows things like gateway-status=10. Quite surprising and absolutely unclear why would they do that If I understand correctly, routing-mark used only for the first entry selection, and does not matter for the following recursive Heya redditors, I've created another tutorial regarding failover and using Recursive routing for automatic failover to force failover to occur even though a directly connected interface may remain up. I don´… Nov 25, 2023 · Рекурсивная маршрутизация на MikroTik используется для проверки доступности интернета за шлюзом оператора, так как доступность шлюза не всегда означает Jan 8, 2022 · I saw it reported elsewhere that recursive routes and gateway tracking don’t work in RoS 7. This is useful for BGP based MPLS VPNs. Which requires recursive routing due to extra hop on the mAP lite. The recursive routing is very useful when both of its immediate links to upstream from mtr2 are up but the reachability to the internet is broken due to disconnect or malfunction at the links between core and isp routers. 1. cfg #mikrotik #failover #recursiveRoutingFailover is the ability to seamlessly and automatically switch to a reliable backup system. 10. Which requires recursive routing due May 29, 2023 · Hi all! This is our first MikroTik box and I’m having trouble getting dual wan with DHCP working… I have a dual WAN setup using two DHCP clients and recursive routing (see config below) . 1. I use recursive routing and tried to achive that with mangle rules Feb 25, 2025 · While using recursive routing in a different routing table than the main, if you use a recursive route over a wireguard tunnel it won’t work because nexthope can’t be calculated. 60GHz 32GB RAM (as a host for CHRs) The simulated upstream peer is a CHR router running ROSv6 with a copy of the global IPv4 routing table (585K routes loaded from MRT dump). 4 to real router 192. This document provides an example of recursive routing between two routers connected by two point-to-point links. Unlike BGP VPLS, which is OSI Layer 2 technology, BGP VRF VPNs work in Layer 3 and as such exchange IP prefixes between routers. If you change the routing table of the routes to the main one it works as expected, so this seems to happend on tables different than the main one. Due to fact they supply “default routes” as redistribution of their static “defaults”, so even when each of uplinks lost their connectivity they continue to supply me with defaults. Video tutorial setting Mikrotik 2 ISP dengan metode Fail Over Rekursif yang mampu berpindah ke sumber internet cadangan (backup link) ketika koneksi utama (m I used it to automatically failover WAN by downing the recursive route, allowing me to continue checking the real interface for WAN reachability, in order to restore the route when the problem is repaired. 8 recursive via my. Here is the problem: we have two uplinks, with BGP over both. 7 (latest bugfix release), routes that recursively resolve to the default route are always unreachable. So what these entries are doing is set up a route to 8. 1 day ago · A recursive function is tail recursive when a recursive call is the last thing executed by the function. 3 (on CCR2216s), we’re experiencing an issue with IPv6 recursive routing that feels very much like the old bug we used to see in RouterOS 6. 4 & 1. 1/2/3. Jul 23, 2025 · A recursive function is a function that solves a problem by solving smaller instances of the same problem. A recursive step — a set of rules that reduces all successive cases toward the base case. 0/0 -> 77. com : Fail Over dengan Recursive Gateway Dec 31, 2022 · Dual Wan + Auto Fail Over + Recursive Route setting in mikrotik | Recursive RoutingScript:/ip routeadd distance=1 gateway=10. To make it work without having to bake all the routing information into the script, is with the following recursive routing setup, divided into three levels: 0. Router 1 has an interface on the 10. You could use your main internet as primary and failback to LTE as an example. 39. A recursive algorithm takes one step toward solution and then recursively call itself to further move. Dec 22, 2022 · I added 2 scripts to my DHCP CLIENTS on my 2 interfaces to update the Gateway on a new DHCP request. ID, where ID is a number unique for each Description RouterOS 3. Using a recursive algorithm, certain problems can be solved quite easily. Apr 19, 2013 · Hello, I think I lost myself trying to understand how recursive routing works on Mikrotik. 1%eth2 - and next one 1. the default table). Mar 28, 2024 · @apriady I'm on the same boat. Jul 15, 2025 · In this article, we will look at another advanced method of failover using recursive routing and scopes from the routing section. If the DHCP address gateways change this script will automatically update the route table. Agar lebih aman, gunakan failover pada jaringan load balance. 1 and 10. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Learn more. But I am unable to reach the routerboard from ISP2. The working example configurations below assume three distinct Internet connections from three different providers. The L2TP interface on the client side receives an IPv4 /32 from the CCR1016 Aug 28, 2023 · Hi, it’s a bit out of context but… Basically recursive routing is done because: MikroTik is able to check if a GATEWAY is alive and can handle routing based on the result (let’s say: PING OK / PING NOT OK) This does not necessarlily mean that the INTERNET is alive on that gateway. In this case, basic failover Apr 17, 2025 · A simple question, what is the best way to failover in RouterOS v7, recursive route or netwatch with script? Why? Jun 18, 2025 · Performance Status Used hardware: CCR1036, 16GB RAM (tile) CCR2004 (arm64) CCR1100AHx4 (arm) Intel (R) Core (TM) i7-4790 CPU @ 3. Mikrotik Recursive Routing In networking there are times where you might not get a publicly routable IP address from your wan interface, it could be a situation where you have a VDSL modem in front of your Mikrotik that does not support passthrough et [Script-MikroTik] 2 PPPoE WAN Connection (Dynamic IP from ISP) + Auto Fail Over + Recursive Routing. Oct 12, 2023 · I cleared the tracking table and now it seems to be fine, even with the recursive tables. 100. 1 IP addresses on the respective LAN #Recursive_Route #MTCRE #RouterOSv7In this video, I will show you how to configure recursive route on MikroTik RouterOS v7 using the scope and target scope a Aug 28, 2023 · Nexthop lookup is done only in the main routing table, > even for routes with different value of routing-mark > . As an example, this would be the config on the routing table Jul 25, 2025 · Since upgrading to and now running 7. Please ensure if you're asking a question you have checked the Wiki First: https://help. txt [Script-MikroTik] Blocking Facebook on RouterOS using Address-Lists. 34. The meaning of RECURSIVE is of, relating to, or involving recursion. 2. 1%eth3 I’d like use the recursive routing but it doesn’t work in my configuration (%interface). Also at each subnet, if a wan fails i want to have failover the other wan and vice versa. and it just stops after bout 15 seconds. I would love to keep this setup and I’m trying to setup recursive Failover . 0. Secondary is from the Chateau's LTE modem. Course Highlights In this course you will learn: More specific routes ECMP How to force gateway over specific interface Gateway reachability check and route distance Routing mark and route policy Recursive next-hop and scope/target-scope usage Requirements Basic computer and networking skills Sep 17, 2023 · I have 2 ISP and I want to implement Dual-Wan with Load Balance and Failover. 232. 8 sebagai gateway, namun dengan target-scope=30 rule tersebut bisa melakukan lookup ke rule lain yang Perlu diketahui, saat menggunakan load balance kita perlu waspada jika terdapat salah satu link yang mati. 17. Mar 7, 2025 · Hello, I have a problem on a customer site. Is this still an issue? At the moment I rely on this feature on my RB4011 to fail over between ADSL on a Zyxel router, and LTE on a Mikrotik SXT. In this video, we will demonstrate some simple methods to configure a multi-WAN failover for MikroTik devices using Router OS. The Jun 20, 2019 · การทดลอง Config Mikrotik : การตั้งค่า Recursive Routing เพื่อตรวจสอบว่า Internet ของ Router ตัวก่อน In this course, I will cover all Static route topics that you require to know in MikroTik RouterOS. For example, the following is a recursive definition of a person's ancestor. Which routing table is used to apply recursive routing at MikroTik RouterOS A. Product Featured:RB-HAPAX3: Mik Should a script be made that launches ping if the interface is running? Or is there another method? Me personally use recursive routing and netwatch i use Gateway of PPPoE ISP to monitor and when PPPoE fails Netwatch detects that with ping that is my method. txt [Script-MikroTik] Accept Important ICMP Types. 4 and 9. txt [Script-MikroTik] Block Bogon IP Addresses on MikroTik Firewall. 2 Configuration Script for hEX S (RB760iGS) # Script Features: # - dual-WAN configuration with Policy-Based Routing (PBR) # - automatic failover using recursive routing # - device-specific ISP preferences managed via address lists # - default fallback to "defaultISP" for unclassified devices # - enhanced security settings and FastTrack for performance # Interface Mar 20, 2024 · Configuracion en Mikrotik RouterOS v7 con tres conexiones WAN, balanceo de carga a traves de PCC, failover en caso de la desconexion de alguna WAN, tambien se implement ECMP para la mejora del equilibrio de carga entre ruta de igual costo hacia un mismo destino. 0/24 ) I want clients on native 192. Oct 27, 2023 · my secondary wan router gives addresses by an internal DHCP, but I disabled “add default route” in ros dhcp client for that interface; I currently use a large set of connection marking in mangle rules for queues. Each router also connects the 172. 0/0 routes for each gateway, for each routing table needed (incl. For ROS 6 I have an idea but I have to try it first. It is not possible B. Basically, default config covers most cases: when current gateway dies - mikrotik marks currently used route as down and therefore next available route (based on distance) is used, which is route from LTE interface. Recursion involves calling the same function within itself, which leads to a call stack. Sep 22, 2021 · Hey everyone. 21. Each routing table can have only one active route for each value of dst-address IP prefix. x allows to create multiple Virtual Routing and Forwarding instances on a single router. In route list i use this gateway 1. Failover on Mikrotik Routers is super simple. 0/24 The LTE Connection has not been stable recently and I have a permission of my neighbor to use thier WiFi as backup, which is what I have set up using one of the 3 wifi interfaces of the Audience. 40. 7" add distance=1 dst-address=18. 02K subscribers 130 Mar 3, 2024 · This article is intended for novice administrators of Mikrotik RouterOS (hereafter ROS). Oct 25, 2022 · add dst-address=0. The primary internet is provided via mAP Lite which is connected to eth1 (which gets the internet from my phone). 1 target-scope=30 comment="unreachable after update to 6. 8. 0/24 to use ether2 wan (starlink) while 192. 8/32 gateway=ether1 scope=10 comment="Validate Primary Cable ISP" add gateway=8. Jan 4, 2024 · I’ll dive you through the internals of recursive routes and a complete working example with two WANs and VLANs for a classic SOHO (Small Office Home Office) setup. 168. 0/24 network and has a recursive route to reach it through the Mikrotik Tutorial - Dual Wan Recursive Failover in Mikrotik ROS 7 | Mikrotik Configuration Tutorial Step by StepLearn how to setup Dual Wan Recursive Failove So I have 2 internet connections and I was trying to set up 2 tables to have a way to set some networks to use one wan and another to use another… Dynamic routing protocols will only redistribute active routes. It is only possible on the x86 Jan 18, 2024 · I have a following setup: LTE: Main internet connection WLAN2 (bridge_wan): Neighbours WiFi, DHCP Client, 192. If possible move the PPPoE sessions to your Mikrotik, so the interface is automatically set down when it lost connection. The article does not describe "automatic" traffic balancing across channels due to the fact that implementing it with such initial data Jul 21, 2017 · Selanjutnya agar menjadi recursive gateway, tambahkan satu rule routing baru dengan dst-address=8. 4 in the ISP-Outbreak-Interfaces. this is working fine , hjust wanted an expert sanity check to make sure all is at the state of the art! # 2025-06-13 17:41: Feb 25, 2025 · While using recursive routing in a different routing table than the main, if you use a recursive route over a wireguard tunnel it won’t work because nexthope can’t be calculated. Также, если интересуетесь маршрутизацией на MikroTik, вам может понравится следующая статья: Policy-based Routing (PBR) на MikroTik. On the other hand, routes in BGP updates frequently has nexthops from networks that are not directly connected. This technique is often used in programming to solve problems that can be broken down into simpler, similar subproblems. RECURSIVE definition: 1. mikrotik. So I choose some host ouside my ISP scope (and even Jul 21, 2017 · Untuk itu ada sebuah trik pada pengaturan routing untuk membuat fail over secara otomatis tanpa menggunakan script. How memory is allocated to different function calls in recursion? Recursion uses more memory to store data of every recursive call in an internal function call stack. 9 for example. txt Aug 27, 2021 · Should a script be made that launches ping if the interface is running? Or is there another method? Me personally use recursive routing and netwatch i use Gateway of PPPoE ISP to monitor and when PPPoE fails Netwatch detects that with ping that is my method. 0/0 gateway=gwyISP2 routing-table=to_Router NOTE ENSURE for IP DNS servers you use different ones than recursive so use 8. gw. One Peer Receive Only DUT establishes a connection to simulated upstream peers, receives Aug 22, 2024 · The sound works. Feb 8, 2025 · The primary internet is provided via mAP Lite which is connected to eth1 (which gets the internet from my phone). 1 and 8. docx from MIKROTIK 101 at Jakarta State Polytechnic. Basically pulling my Gateway from the DHCP client and punching it into the routing rules were 10. ip bridge-wan, I would expect the recursive routes to use the actual gateway straight away during the actual routing process, are you sure that the complete recursion path is followed for every single packet being routed? Feb 7, 2025 · I’m trying to set up a recursive backup on my Chateu. If you change the routing table of the r… Jul 7, 2022 · Спасибо за прочтение, рад если моя статья вам помогла. 4 in the ISP-Outbreak การทำ Recursive Next-hop resolving บน Mikrotik router เพื่อตรวจสอบ Status internet จากผู้ให้บริการได้แม่นยำ /interface ethernet set [ find default-name=ether1 ] comment=ISP1 set [ find default-name=ether2 ] comment=ISP2 Jun 16, 2025 · Hi Guys, wow what an emotion to create my first thread on the new forum 🙂 the config seems to be working perfectly, I chose 8. In computer science, recursion is a method of solving a computational problem where the solution depends on solutions to smaller instances of the same problem. Recursive routing occurs when a route (either static or dynamically learned) has a next-hop that is not directly connected to the local router. I’m currently following this guide, and it suggests adding these routes (I’ve adjusted gateway to meet my config): /ip route add dst-address=8. 0/24 use ether1 wan. This means 2 of 3 routing mark are using the same WAN and 1 is un-utilized. Whether you're a networking professional or just starting your journey, we provide easy-to-follow tutorials, tips, and tricks to help you master MikroTik routers and networking solutions. Today we will be looking at what Recursive routing is, what Route Scopes allow us to achieve and how to implement Recursive routing for failover purposes on a MikroTik device with Recursive routing allows you to create a route with a defined next hop that is not actually directly adjacent to the router. 8 Jul 18, 2023 · MIKROTIK DUAL WAN FAILOVER RECURSIVE ROUTING OS V7 | MIKROTIK TUTORIAL SassaPrePrint 7. Route scope and target scope attributes can be used to change nexthop resolving. 9. 0/24 and vlan10 192. 1 to be used as default route on fifth route What to do ? Thank you anav March 19, 2023, 8:46pm 2 Oct 25, 2022 · add dst-address=0. Bagi teman-teman yang belum mengerti mengenai Load balance PCC, bisa melihat penjelasan detailnya pada artikel berikut ini : Load Balance PCC. Apr 16, 2021 · 2. Not sure though how to fix. Scratch that it keeps happening, Ive tried other speed test sites to run for longer times. 8 gateway=192. I do this on MikroTik RouterOS. It covers routing with failover for several unrelated multihomed AS internet channels operating on the IPv4 protocol. General ISP and network discussion also permitted. 16. for about 120seconds at a time. Is there a way that can automatically change the ip address from the PPOE? load balance pcc, cara konfigurasi load balancing mikrotik, load balance 2 isp, load balance 3 isp, failover 3 isp, Fail Over บน Mikrotik อย่างใช้ได้จริง Recursive Routing ที่ใช้กับเน็ตแบบไม่ Fix IP ได้ โดย @ {tondev} พ่อมดไอที September 24, 2020 Mar 12, 2019 · View MTCRE. However if I sever the connection further down in the chain so the link is still up but the Failover to the standby ISP in MikroTik routers can be simply configured by adding an default route with a higher value of the distance parameter in the routing table. Without it I need to disconnect / turn off mAP lite May 27, 2023 · Referensi : Failover (WAN Backup) — RouterOS — MikroTik Documentation IP Routing — RouterOS — MikroTik Documentation Citraweb. It also supports more than 2 ISP paths “ISPPriority”. Routing tables are referenced by their name, and are created automatically when they are referenced in the configuration. Does someone have any idea? Netwatch? Sep 24, 2020 · Fail Over บน Mikrotik อย่างใช้ได้จริง Recursive Routing ที่ใช้กับเน็ตแบบไม่ Fix IP ได้ Mikrotik Tutorial 12K subscribers Aug 18, 2024 · Routing Routing is the process of determining the best path for data packets to travel from the source to the destination across different networks. And the whole way how the recursive next-hop search is used separately from dynamic routing protocols and combined with check-gateway to allow monitoring of uplink transparency is a “creative misuse” of features that were Sep 24, 2020 · Fail Over บน Mikrotik อย่างใช้ได้จริง Recursive Routing ที่ใช้กับเน็ตแบบไม่ Fix IP ได้ โดย @ {tondev} พ่อมดไอที September 24, 2020 pjk Mikrotik Facebook Twitter Routes can be assigned to specific routing table by setting their routing-mark property to the name of another routing table. Normally nexthops can be resolved only through routes that are on link. It includes information about network prefixes Jul 22, 2025 · Hello I am using 2 WAN on a mikrotik (ether1 and ether2) and i have 2 subnets (native 192. com Routing tables A routing table tells the router which next hop to forward packets to, depending on the packets destination IP. 0/30 subnet and a default route to 10. Tried 3 wan and somehow the 0401_WAN4_PING1 is only active for a brief moment before turning inactive. I ran tool sniffer and I can see that the answer comes from the wrong interface. 1 where in the sample. /ip route add distance=1 dst-address=18. Since the announcement of the CCR1K series being discontinued more and more networks are moving to version 7 and ROSv7 compatible hardware like RB5k, CCR2k and CRS5k series. [1][2] Recursion solves such recursive problems by using functions that call themselves from within their own code. If you have two routes to the internet, you can make one the primary, and if it goes down fail over to the secondary. Secondary is from the Chateau’s LTE modem. Key terms include: Routing Table: A database maintained by the router that contains routes to various network destinations. 1, while Router 2 has an interface on the 10. It is necessary to restrict set of routes that can be used to look up immediate nexthops. 12 Dec 28, 2022 · Routing rules in MikroTik are used to specify how traffic should be routed through a network based on certain criteria, such as the destination address, protocol, or port. 1 second two rules for ping-checking with dummy gw 10. Apr 7, 2021 · I’ve googled for a while about how to make dual WAN failover and I think one of the good ways I’ve found is using recursive routing. How to use recursive in a sentence. The algorithm stops once we reach the solution. Routers use routing tables and routing protocols to make these decisions. Setting Up Recursive Routing in MikroTik To configure recursive routing in MikroTik: Aug 28, 2023 · Basically recursive routing is done because: - MikroTik is able to check if a GATEWAY is alive and can handle routing based on the result (let's say: PING OK / PING NOT OK) This does not necessarlily mean that the INTERNET is alive on that gateway. 200. 112. 18. but so weird how it happened like that in the first place Edit. Please refer tail recursion for details. take a look at the config i created on the L009 Router , for test. From customer LAN this is working, when ISP1 fails ISP2 is used, as soon as ISP1 becomes available again it turns back to ISP1. 253/32 gateway=1. This is part of my free MTCRE guide that I have been uploading onto YouTube. I configured a second ISP connection and recursive routing for failover connection. Jan 10, 2025 · What is Recursive Routing in MikroTik? In MikroTik devices, recursive routing operates similarly, resolving the next-hop address in a multi-step process. I have no idea how to implement it without affecting the routing configuration when the ppoe starts changing IP address. Selain distance dan check gateway, kita bisa memanfaatkan parameter scope/target scope untuk membuat recursive gateway, sehingga check-gateway dapat melakukan pemantauan gateway / IP Address di internet sekalipun, misalnya ke 8. 1 . A function seemingly pulls a solution out of thin air by calling upon itself, creating a mesmerizing loop that unravels complex problems. 1 routing-mark=to_ISP1 scope Mar 19, 2023 · First two rules to route 1. 255/32 gateway=isp-1 target-scope=30 comment="Works with interface name" A PPPoE connection adds Mar 18, 2025 · # MikroTik RouterOS v7. If the primary network fails Recursive routing allows you to create a route with a defined next hop that is not actually directly adjacent to the router. The idea is that when I turn on hotspot on my phone the Chateu should use net from mAP lite, otherwise from LTE modem. involving doing or saying the same thing several times in order to produce a particular result…. 3. Oct 3, 2022 · Hi everbody! I have the following scenario: I would like your help to get as close as possible to @Anav’s “DEFACTO DEFAULT FIREWALL Setup” with failover using recursive routing and policy based routing (PBR). However, I've reached edge case - ISP's gateway is working fine, but still 'no internet' (ISP's upstream or is dead or upstream's upstream, who knows). Mar 2, 2019 · Obsługa dwóch łącz internetowych z wykorzystaniem recursive routing Łącze zapasowe to w dzisiejszych czasach „must have” niemal każdej sensownej firmy, bywa nawet tak że użytkownicy domowi również zabezpieczają się przez awarią swojego głównego łącza internetowego. Jul 15, 2024 · The “recursive routing” is just an incorrect shortcut for “recursive next-hop search”; the search processs has nothing to do with the actual packet flow. 4. Jul 23, 2025 · The process in which a function calls itself directly or indirectly is called recursion and the corresponding function is called a recursive function. this config will be replicated on my RB5009. Place the Apr 21, 2018 · After updating to ROS 6. is the most complicated one in ROS 6 where the recursive routing can only work with just IP addresses as gateways; in ROS 7, the lowermost route in the recursive routing hierarchy may have an interface as a gateway. I can’t figure it out. wan. 1 as check route. This feature is critical for complex network setups like VPNs, GRE tunnels, or advanced failover mechanisms. When I physically remove the cable from the main WAN the device fails over to the secondary WAN as expected. Jika dilihat dari rule nya, mungkin rule diatas tidak sesuai standar penentuan gateway, karena menggunakan 8. irfqyr myhhrv jngrp tuwybs edin ibeak bxazsrs guvp unmdip fhxyib